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संघीय सरकार खनन और खनिज विकास को नियंत्रित करती है और जब खनिज राज्य में निहित भूमि पर स्थित होता है तो राज्य सरकार रियायतें देती है, रॉयल्टी और अन्य शुल्क एकत्र करती है। जबकि पहले रियायती अधिकार पहले आओ पहले पाओ के आधार पर दिए जाते थे, संशोधित एमएमडीआर अधिनियम के तहत, सभी प्रमुख खनिजों को नीलामी के माध्यम से रियायतें दी जाती हैं। एक निजी पार्टी जिसके पास विशेष खनिजों के लिए खनन पट्टा है, उसके पास पूर्ण स्वामित्व है, यद्यपि इन खनिजों पर लागू होने वाली अनुमत अंतिम उपयोग शर्तों के साथ। ऐसे बड़े क्षेत्र हैं जहां खनन अधिकार निजी पार्टियों के पास हैं और अनुमान है कि लगभग 10,621 निजी खदानें हैं। सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने 2013 में, खनिज संपदा को राज्य में निहित करने के बजाय सतही अधिकारों के मालिकों को अधिकार प्रदान किया। हालाँकि, सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने अभी तक खनिजों के स्वामित्व के कुछ पहलुओं पर फैसला नहीं सुनाया है, जैसे कि राज्य को रॉयल्टी का भुगतान करने के लिए निजी मालिकों की देनदारी। सुधारों के हिस्से के रूप में, नई व्यवस्था के तहत, एक भूमि मालिक जो किसी तीसरे पक्ष को पूर्वेक्षण लाइसेंस या खनन पट्टा देना

Boris Johnson: ‘Prigozhin’s last thought was ‘Putin!’’ Former UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson has alleged that Russian President Vladimir Putin “must have killed” Wagner boss Yevgeny Prigozhin and said there can be no peace negotiation with Putin on Ukraine. Writing in a Daily Mail op-ed on Saturday, Johnson speculated about Prigozhin’s last moments, just days after a plane believed to be carrying the Wagner boss crashed in a field northwest of Moscow while en route to St. Petersburg. It is not clear yet what caused the plane crash, but US and Western intelligence officials that CNN has spoken to believe it was deliberate. “It can’t have been more than a few seconds between the explosion aboard the otherwise reliable Embraer Legacy 600 executive jet, and the moment the Russian thug blacked out in his vertiginous acceleration to earth; and yet in that instant I am certain that he knew with perfect clarity what had happened,” Johnson wrote. “He knew whose hidden hand was sending him 28,0

Four million children in Pakistan have no safe water, a year after deadly floods. Children carry water pots as they wade through a flooded street at Sohbatpur in Jaffarabad district of Balochistan province on October 4, 2022. One year after catastrophic floods devastated swathes of  Pakistan , some 4 million children in the South Asian nation remain without access to safe water, the United Nations children’s agency has warned. In a news release Friday, UNICEF said it estimates that there are 8 million people in the country, around half of whom are children, who continue to live in flood-affected areas without clean water. “Vulnerable children living in flood-affected areas have endured a horrific year,” Abdullah Fadil, UNICEF Representative in Pakistan, said in the statement. “They lost their loved ones, their homes and schools. As the monsoon rains return, the fear of another climate disaster looms large. Recovery efforts continue, but many remain unreached, and the children of Pakist

China has long been the engine of global growth. But in recent weeks, its  economic slowdown  has alarmed international leaders and investors who are no longer counting on it to be a bulwark against weakness elsewhere. In fact, for the first time in decades, the world’s second economy is itself the problem. Hong Kong’s Hang Seng  (HSI)  Index slid into a bear market on Friday, having fallen more than 20% from its recent peak in January. Last week, the Chinese yuan fell to its lowest level in 16 years, prompting the central bank to make its biggest defense of the currency on record by setting a much higher rate to the dollar than the estimated market value. The issue is that, after a rapid spurt of activity earlier this year following the lifting of Covid lockdowns, growth is stalling. Consumer prices are falling, a real estate crisis is deepening and exports are in a slump. Unemployment among youth has gotten so bad the government has stopped publishing the data. To make things worse,